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What was the position of women in ancient Near Eastern societies? How were their roles
similar or dissimilar? Were there contradictions between ideals and reality?

2. The archaeological record shows that organized warfare has been a part of the development
   of civilization since Neolithic times. Discuss the earliest evidence for warfare in the Near
   East, the reasons for conflict between cities and empires, and the effects of war on social
   and political structures, technology, and ideas. Don’t miss, for example, the connection
   between early medical texts and the treatment of wounded.
3. What were the key elements behind the development of an urban culture in ancient
   Mesopotamia?
4. Compare and contrast Egyptian and early Mesopotamian attitudes about death and the
   afterlife. Pay attention to the possibility of different understandings among different social
   groups in each area.
5. Compare and contrast the roles of religion in ancient Sumer and Egypt. Pay special
   attention to the relationship between worshipers and their gods in each society.
6. Compare and contrast the Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi with Ancient Egypt’s legal
   system.
7. “The Great Flood”: Analyze the flood story from The Epic of Gilgamesh. Compare this
   excerpt to the appropriate passage of the Biblical flood epic of Noah. What are the
   similarities and what are the differences? How does one account for both the similarities
   and differences? Why were flood epics a central subject matter in the ancient world?
8. Why did “civilization” first developed when it did and where it did.
9. How did religion shape the cultures of the ancient world?
10. Comparing/contrasting the leadership traits of Cyrus and Alexander
11. Comparing/contrasting hieroglyphics with cuneiform writing
12. Comparing/contrasting Plato and Aristotle
    IDENTIFY/EXPLORE THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE:
13. Ramses II
14. Hannibal
15. Julius Caesar
16. Augustus
17. Constantine
18. Pericles
19. Causes of the Peloponnesian War; Effects of the Peloponnesian War
20. Causes of the fall of the Roman Empire
21. Effects of Greek Hellenization on the Mediterranean world
22. Effects of Paul’s missionary trips to Asia Minor and Greece
23. Causes of the decline of the Etruscan civilization
24. Why did Egyptians practice mummification? Egyptians mummified the dead because…
25. How did Sargon establish the first empire?
26. How did Philip of Macedonia united Greece?
27. Why did ancient people use oracles?
28. How effective was the Roman legion?
29. To what extent did the reforms of Augustus result in the Pax Romana?
30. To what extent did the geography of Egypt influence religion?
31. To what extent did Stoicism influence Roman beliefs?
32. To what extent did civil wars in Rome cause the end of the Republic?
33. Discuss how Greek myth reflected the society
34. How were the lives of women in Athens and Sparta different and how were they similar?
35. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the polis, and what role did they play in
    determining Greek history?
36. What were the values of ancient Greek civilization and how were these reflected in
    Greek art and literature?
37. Do the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle reflect the ideals or the realities of ancient
    Greek society?
38. Discuss Greek religion and Greek rationalism and explain their place in ancient Greek
    society.
    THE GERMANIC TRIBES
39. kingship in Germanic tribal society
40. the Vandals and the decline of Roman government outside Italy
41. Germanic law codes and ideas of justice
42. the relationship between lords and retainers
    BYZANTIUM
43. the Empress Theodora and Byzantine politics
44. the Iconoclastic controversy and Byzantine Christianity
45. St. Basil and Greek monasticism
46. patterns of landholding the Byzantium
    ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
47. ziggurats, their construction and uses in ancient Mesopotamia irrigation systems
48. the impact of specific luxury items (ivory, spices, gold, olive oil, wine, etc.) on trade in
    the ancient Middle East
49. a comparison of two or more creation myths
50. the afterlife as an idea in two ancient religions
51. courtship and marriage in ancient Babylon
52. Hammurabi’s code and everyday life in Babylon
53. ancient calendars
    ANCIENT EGYPT.
54. irrigation and flood prediction
55. Egyptian medicine and surgery
56. ship construction (compare with Phoenicia)
57. the impact of luxury items on Egyptian trade
58. cat-worship in ancient Egypt
59. Egyptian sculpture or painting
60. Queen Hatshepsut, pharaoh of Egypt
61. organization of workers in construction of the pyramids
62. female figures in Egyptian mythology
63. the Isis-Osiris myth
64. religious changes in Egypt from zoomorphism to anthropomorphism
65. Egyptian beliefs in the afterlife
    THE ASSYRIANS AND THE PERSIANS
66. the chariot in Assyrian warfare
67. Assyrian social class structure
68. Assyrian and Persian road building
69. sun, moon, and fire deities
70. the development of Persian ideas of divine kingship
71. Persian artistic traditions and their influence on carpet design
72. Paradise, a Persian idea
73. Zoroastrianism and Mithraism
74. Persian astrology
75. Persian cuisine
    THE HEBREWS.
76. wedding customs of the ancient Hebrews
77. creation in Genesis and in ancient Mesopotamia
78. ancient musical modes and instruments
79. Hebrew kingship, its development and decline
80. the role of the prophet in ancient Hebrew political life
81. dietary restrictions and purification rituals in ancient Hebrew culture
82. Jewish religious cults and the Dead Sea Scrolls
83. social welfare in Hebrew religious thought
84. ceremonial foods
    MINOAN CRETE, MYCENAE AND ARCHAIC GREECE.
85. Cretan trade in the pre-Mycenaean era
86. Minoan painting
87. the collapse of Mycenaean society
88. development of the polis in archaic Greece
89. weaponry of the Homeric Greeks
90. the myth of the labyrinth
    CLASSICAL GREECE.
91. development of the Greek city-state (polis) in Athens or Sparta
92. the role of the Delphic oracle in classical religion and politics
93. Greek naval battles of the Persian Wars
94. the role of women in Spartan or Athenian society
95. public architecture in Periclean Athens
96. development of Greek drama and structure of theaters
97. Sappho of Lesbos and the poetry of love
98. voting rights and civic obligations of citizens in Hellenic Athens
99. free speech: the role of Old Comedy in Athenian democracy
100. the plague in Athens during the Peloponnesian War
101. Herodotus’s descriptions of the Persian allies in The Persian Wars
102. the death of Socrates
103. the institution of ostracism
     HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION
104. the development of Greek military organization from the classical period to the time
     of Alexander
105. Alexander’s conquest of northern India
106. a comparison of classical and Hellenistic sculpture
107. Philip of Macedon and the unification of Greece
108. science and mathematics in ancient Alexandria
109. the nature and role of the great library of Alexandria
110. Hellenistic town-planning–the new Greek cities
111. Hellenistic trade in spices
112. Hellenistic geographers
113. the cult of Isis in Hellenistic Egypt
114. Cleopatra, last of the Ptolemies
115. Hellenistic medicine
     THE RISE OF ROME AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC.
116. development of Roman military organization and tactics
117. Etruscan influences on early Roman art and society
118. the education of the Roman senatorial class
119. the impact of the Punic Wars on Roman political and military life
120. development of Roman military technology
     ROMAN LIFE.
121. the impact of malaria or another major disease on Mediterranean life
122. gladiators, civic games, and other public entertainments
123. the Roman baths, the architecture and social role
124. Roman house design
     THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
125. Cicero and the transition to Empire
126. the role of the Roman army in the “election” of the later emperors
127. the Roman destruction of Jerusalem, and the Jewish diaspora
128. the idea of citizenship in Republican and Imperial Rome
129. Roman aqueducts, sewers and hypocausts
130. fortune-telling and horoscopes in ancient Rome
131. Fortune’s wheel and the role of gambling in Roman society
132. the ideal of citizenship in Republican and Imperial Rome
133. life in a Roman villa
134. Stoicism and the thinking of Roman patricians
135. a detailed look at a Roman colonial settlement in France or Britain
136. slave revolts